The revolutionaries took up arms and, led by Ludwik Mieroslawski, tried to hold off the Prussian troops, who far outnumbered them. Afraid of a military escalation, Brentano reacted hesitantly - too hesitantly for Struve and his followers, who overthrew him. Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, later to become Wilhelm I of Germany, set out for Baden with troops. Grand Duke Leopold of Baden fled and on 1 June 1849 Struve helped set up a provisionary republican parliament under the liberal politician Lorenz Brentano. Struve was freed during the May Uprising in Baden in 1849. Once again it failed, and this time Struve was caught and imprisoned. On 21 September 1848 he made another attempt to start an uprising in Germany, in Lörrach. He published Die Grundrechte des deutschen Volkes (The Basic Rights of the German People) and made a `Plan for the Revolution and Republicanisation of Germany` along with the revolutionary playwright and journalist Karl Heinzen. Hecker and Struve fled to Switzerland, where Struve continued to plan the struggle. Few people joined in the march, however, and it was headed off in the Black Forest by troops from Frankfurt. From there, the Heckerzug (Hecker`s column) was to join up with another revolutionary group led by the poet Georg Herwegh and march to Karlsruhe. They organised the meeting of a revolutionary assembly in Konstanz on 14 April 1848. Struve wanted to spread his radical dreams for a federal Germany across the country, starting in southwest Germany, and accompanied by Hecker and other revolutionary leaders. When the revolution broke out, Struve published a demand for a federal republic, to include all Germany, but this was rejected by `Pre-Parliament` (Vorparlament), the meeting of politicians and other important German figures which later became the Frankfurt Parliament. In Baden their group was particularly strong in number, with many political societies being founded in the area. Both Hecker and Struve belonged to the radical democratic, anti-monarchist wing of the revolutionaries. Struve was strongly against the politics of Metternich, a strict Conservative and reactionary against the democratic movement, who ruled Austria at the time and had a strong influence on restoration Germany with his Congress system.Īlong with Friedrich Hecker, whom he had met in Mannheim, Struve took on a leading role in the revolutions in Baden (see History of Baden) beginning with the Hecker Uprising, also accompanied by his wife Amalie. It was the time of the Vormärz, the years between the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the revolutions of 1848-49. He also gave attention to phrenology, and published three books on the subject. In 1845, Struve married Amalie Düsar on 16 November 1845 and in 1847 he dropped the aristocratic `von` from his surname due to his democratic ideals. He was compelled in 1846 to retire from the management of this paper. As editor of the Mannheimer Journal, he was repeatedly condemned to imprisonment. His point of view headed more and more in a radical democratic, early socialist direction. In Baden, Struve also entered politics by standing up for the liberal members of the Baden parliament in news articles. For a short time (from 1829 to 1831) he was employed in the civil service in Oldenburg, then moved to Baden in 1833 where in 1836 he settled down to work as a lawyer in Mannheim. The younger Gustav Struve grew up and went to school in Munich, then studied law at universities in Göttingen and Heidelberg. His father Gustav, after whom he was named, had served as Russian Staff Councilor at the Russian Embassy in Warsaw, Munich and The Hague, and later was the Royal Russian Ambassador at the Badonian court in Karlsruhe. Struve was born in Munich the son of a Russian diplomat Johann Christoph Gustav von Struve, whose family came from the lesser nobility. Surgeon, politician, lawyer and publicist He also spent over a decade in the United States and was active there as a reformer. Gustav Struve, known as Gustav von Struve until he gave up his title (11 October 1805 in Munich, Bavaria – 21 August 1870 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary), was a German surgeon, politician, lawyer and publicist, and a revolutionary during the German revolution of 1848-1849 in Baden Germany.
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